Pennsylvania
Between the 2022 and 2023 tax filing seasons, 123,625 returns moved to Pennsylvania from other states and 135,720 moved the other way, a net loss of 12,095 returns, or 2.2 per 1,000.
ArrivalsDeparturesThicker line, more returns
The ten largest flows in each direction between Pennsylvania and other states.Pennsylvania ranks 39th of 51 (the 50 states and DC) by net migration rate between states. On balance, Pennsylvania gains the most returns from New York and loses the most to Florida. Another 150,649 returns moved between counties inside Pennsylvania, which these state totals leave out. In 2019–20 the balance was −3,344 returns.
The exchange with every state
Sorted from the largest net gain to the largest net loss. States with a flow under 10 returns in either direction are left out.
| State | From there | To there | Net |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York | 20,643 | 14,412 | +6,231 |
| New Jersey | 18,767 | 16,075 | +2,692 |
| Maryland | 8,992 | 7,619 | +1,373 |
| Connecticut | 1,752 | 1,504 | +248 |
| Oregon | 776 | 692 | +84 |
| Louisiana | 571 | 525 | +46 |
| Iowa | 422 | 377 | +45 |
| Mississippi | 311 | 297 | +14 |
| North Dakota | 171 | 166 | +5 |
| Kansas | 385 | 381 | +4 |
| Wyoming | 131 | 141 | −10 |
| Idaho | 242 | 257 | −15 |
| Oklahoma | 451 | 468 | −17 |
| Hawaii | 327 | 358 | −31 |
| New Hampshire | 499 | 534 | −35 |
| Nebraska | 211 | 248 | −37 |
| South Dakota | 158 | 198 | −40 |
| Rhode Island | 435 | 483 | −48 |
| West Virginia | 1,931 | 1,981 | −50 |
| New Mexico | 342 | 393 | −51 |
| Michigan | 1,563 | 1,616 | −53 |
| Alaska | 232 | 286 | −54 |
| Arkansas | 275 | 344 | −69 |
| Vermont | 360 | 429 | −69 |
| Utah | 587 | 662 | −75 |
| Missouri | 792 | 885 | −93 |
| Indiana | 1,053 | 1,159 | −106 |
| Kentucky | 723 | 831 | −108 |
| Minnesota | 621 | 730 | −109 |
| Montana | 201 | 324 | −123 |
| Wisconsin | 665 | 809 | −144 |
| Maine | 470 | 616 | −146 |
| Nevada | 676 | 840 | −164 |
| Arizona | 1,739 | 1,968 | −229 |
| Alabama | 560 | 807 | −247 |
| Illinois | 1,920 | 2,199 | −279 |
| Massachusetts | 2,973 | 3,335 | −362 |
| District of Columbia | 919 | 1,297 | −378 |
| Washington | 1,374 | 1,888 | −514 |
| Colorado | 1,944 | 2,599 | −655 |
| Tennessee | 1,459 | 2,208 | −749 |
| Ohio | 5,284 | 6,060 | −776 |
| Virginia | 5,558 | 6,486 | −928 |
| California | 5,547 | 6,617 | −1,070 |
| Georgia | 2,668 | 3,853 | −1,185 |
| Texas | 4,630 | 6,349 | −1,719 |
| Delaware | 3,885 | 5,744 | −1,859 |
| South Carolina | 2,047 | 4,214 | −2,167 |
| North Carolina | 4,327 | 7,061 | −2,734 |
| Florida | 11,056 | 16,395 | −5,339 |
Four filing years
Returns arriving from other statesReturns leaving for other states
Net rate per 1,000 returns in the earlier years: −0.6 in 2019–20, −1.7 in 2020–21, −2.7 in 2021–22.
County by county
The 12 highest and 12 lowest net migration rates per 1,000 returns among 65 Pennsylvania counties with complete totals. Linked names have a full profile.
- Pike County+9.5
- Carbon County+6.9
- Cumberland County+6.6
- Adams County+6.4
- Schuylkill County+5.6
- York County+4.6
- Wyoming County+4.4
- Franklin County+4.1
- Beaver County+3.4
- Columbia County+3.4
- Wayne County+2.8
- Snyder County+2.5
- Clarion County−4.6
- Bucks County−4.7
- Mercer County−4.8
- Allegheny County−5.2
- McKean County−5.7
- Delaware County−6.4
- Erie County−6.7
- Monroe County−7.2
- Union County−8.0
- Philadelphia County−9.1
- Potter County−9.1
- Centre County−13.6
Keep exploring
Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-to-state migration files 2019–20 to 2022–23.